This apparent bird-human hybrid is the largest image in a panel of rock art by a San artist.
The image underscores the depth of indigenous knowledge exemplified by San people.
Puff adders leave linear, sometimes slightly undulating traces.
EcoPrint/Shutterstock
The trace was probably made between 93,000 and 83,000 years ago, almost certainly by a puff adder.
Possible shod hominin tracks in the Garden Route National Park, South Africa.
Charles Helm
Trackway findings support the notion of southern Africa being one region where human cognitive and practical ability developed a very long time ago.
An artistic impression of the various dinosaur species that once roamed the Roma Valley.
Akhil Rampersadh
Fossilised tracks of a group of plant-eating dinosaurs have been found in Lesotho’s Roma Valley for the first time.
This ammoglyph consists of a circular groove, a central depression and two possible knee impressions.
Charles Helm
Ammoglyphs – ancient ‘sand art’ – are a relatively new find.
An illustration of two giant Cape zebras alongside a much smaller plains zebra.
Maggie Newman
It hasn’t been clear how common the species was on the Cape south coast because its body fossils are predominantly from southern Africa’s west coast.
One day this fresh elephant dung could be a coprolite helping scientists understand the past.
Silarock/Shutterstock
Studying fossil dung offers another avenue for scientists trying to recreate ancient landscapes.
Today, leopard tortoises are the largest species found on the Cape south coast.
Ava Peattie/Shutterstock
Track marks are a way to fill in the blanks that sometimes exist in the body fossil record.
Smile if you love dinosaurs as much as Spinosaurus Aegyptiacus loved being a carnivore.
YuRi Photolife
The African continent is a rich repository for dinosaur fossils, including teeth and track marks.
Ancestors of modern-day Cape fur seals left distinctive fossil traces thanks partly to their flippers.
Stuart on Nature/Stuart on Nature
The fossilised seal traces date back about 75,000 years.
A site in Tsiokane (Lesotho) where diverse tridactyl theropod tracks are preserved.
Author supplied
Fossil footprints are a treasure chest of information.
The author and a colleague on the hunt for fossil traces.
Morena Nava
Collectively, the evidence studied by ichnologists helps to paint a picture of long-gone landscapes and the creatures and plants that populated those spaces.
Branching gerbil burrows leading to a debris mound preserved on an ancient dune surface.
Charles Helm
There is something near-miraculous in the concept of tiny creatures, weighing just grams, making tracks and traces so long ago, that are now evident in rock.
A photogrammetry image of the tracks. The horizontal and vertical scales are in metres.
CHARLES HELM
Human tracks registered in aeolianites - cemented dune surfaces - are rare at a global level.
Are these the footprints of the first-known American teen?
Matthew Robert Bennett
The New Mexico findings could rewrite the history of human migration to the Americas.
New fossil evidence reveals more about how African bush elephants’ ancient ancestors moved about a South African landscape.
Gunter Nuyts/Shutterstock
There are no body fossils of elephants from this time period, so the available information of how these gigantic animals moved through the ancient landscapes depends entirely on the track record.
Vlad Konstantinov, Scott Hocknull, Eromanga Natural History Museum
Australotitan was a massive long-necked sauropod estimated to weigh the equivalent of 1,400 red kangaroos.
Artwork by José Vitor Silva.
So how accurate is the T. rex’s running speed in that famous Jurassic Park jeep-chase scene?
Graffiti obscures beautiful curved invertebrate traces on a rock surface in South Africa.
Charles Helm
These surfaces are of profound scientific, cultural, heritage, environmental, and aesthetic importance. Unfortunately, they are threatened - by graffiti.
These fossil trackways resemble the tracks left by flamingos today, but are bigger. Just above the scale bar one can see (more faintly) the ‘tramline traces’ made by the ancient birds’ stomping action.
Charles Helm
One avian track, probably made by a large gull or a small goose, was found in sediments that have been dated to about 400,000 years. That makes it the oldest avian track reported from southern Africa.