The atrocities and motivation of bandits have assumed insurgent-type criminality. But the Nigerian government is reluctant to label them terrorists or insurgents.
Clashes between farmers and herders in Nigeria have been bloody and protracted, with one side portrayed as victims. But as this study shows, both sides are victims.
Attacks by Fulani herdsmen on communities in West Africa are increasing in number and in sophistication. Regional and national authorities must respond promptly to arrest the threat.