A natural birth involves three important steps: the spontaneous onset of labour, the process of labour itself, and vaginal passage.
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Caesarean section births are often thought to be safer. In fact they disrupt the natural bond between mother and baby and can interrupt brain development.
Agoa has particularly benefited sectors like apparel, textiles, agriculture and light
manufacturing.
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A review of scholarly articles shows Agoa benefits are uneven across sub-Saharan Africa.
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Kenya’s university reforms are silent on government funding, which is the major source of their current financial challenges.
ANC president Cyril Ramaphosa, left, canvasses for votes in Johannesburg.
Olympia de Maissmont/AFP via Getty Images.
The 2024 elections may be the tipping point that enables opposition parties to portray themselves as viable contenders in forming a national coalition government.
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African countries are being driven into a debt dependency cycle. Three major factors are at play.
Members of Nigeria’s labour unions protesting over the minimum wage in Lagos in 2021.
Adekunle Ajayi/NurPhoto via Getty Images
Increasing the minimum wage is a temporary fix. Upgrading the skills of Nigerian workers is the surest way of boosting their wages.
Des individus arborant dans les rues de Ouagadougou, au Burkina Faso, un drapeau russe.
Photo: Associated Press / Alamy Stock Photo
Le gouvernement militaire du Niger soutient la Russie, illustrant davantage l'influence grandissante de Moscou en Afrique.
South Africa’s minister of higher education and training, Blade Nzimande.
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The system has allowed many students who would otherwise not access higher education to do so, but it is fraught with problems.
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South Africa’s laws and regulations aren’t clear about the role of the chair of a company. This carries huge risks for individuals and companies.
A hadeda ibis carries a worm it has just caught from an irrigated lawn.
Carla du Toit
Africa’s hadeda ibises can sense vibrations using a special sensory organ in their beaks. But they need moist soil for it to work.
The Electoral Commission of Zambia delivered elections that saw Hakainde Hichilema become the new president in 2021 despite democratic backsliding under the ruling Patriotic Front.
James Kunda/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images
Stakeholders, whether they be policymakers, political parties, civil society or the media, must proactively pursue electoral integrity.
During the apartheid era, Transkei was one of several government-designated ‘homelands.’
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The South African government has failed to reverse the decline in smallholder farming that began during apartheid. A different approach is needed to support smallholder livelihoods.
shark story.
The majestic white shark that once drew many tourists to South Africa’s Western and Southern Cape regions has all but disappeared - and the only explanation can be a sharp decline in the population.
Some newspapers defied government threats in 2013, and published pictures of President Jacob Zuma’s private home, which was revamped using taxpayers’ money.
Alexander Joe/AFP via Getty Images.
There is much to celebrate about the critical role the media have played in 30 years of democracy. But challenges remain.
People walk through floodwater in one of Kenya’s informal settlements after heavy rains in Nairobi.
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There’s been an increase in the amount of runoff generated from rainfall as land is altered by settlement and deforestation.
The number of young people in Kenya’s construction industry is growing.
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The Africa Youth Employment Clock is a new data tool which could be used to provide evidence-based policy interventions.
Countries in east Africa are facing the harsh realities of climate change.
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Business and management graduates can become the kind of sustainability champions the world needs today.
Faure Gnassingbé, who has been president of Togo for 19 years.
Ishara S. Kodikara/AFP via Getty Images
Given their impact on elections and democracy, it’s fair to consider the changes to Togo’s constitution a complete overhaul rather than a revision.
A member of the Lemba people at Mapungubwe Hill in Limpopo, South Africa.
Noah Tamarkin
The Lemba view is that one can be indigenous to more than one place, and that more than one people can be indigenous to a single place.
Le bâtiment du Conseil constitutionnel à N'Djamena, la haute juridction chargée de valider les candidatures à la présidentielle.
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Dans l’histoire politique du Tchad, c’est la première fois qu’un chef d’Etat et son chef du gouvernement, participent conjointement à une élection présidentielle.
A gum arabic sap on an acacia tree in north Kordofan, Sudan.
ASHRAF SHAZLY/AFP via Getty Images
Sudan has been a key exporter of gum arabic for decades. Producers have warned fighting could wipe out stockpiles soon.
A banana market in Kitwa, Uganda. Most of Uganda’s economic activity is informal and untaxed.
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Uganda Revenue Authority has turned its focus on small traders and VAT law enforcement after the World Bank funding freeze.
South Africa has strict gun control legislation.
Roger Bosch/AFP via Getty Images.
Firearms may provide firearm owners with a means of self-defence in confrontations with criminals, but the unlawful use of a licensed firearm can have negative legal consequences.
Talking with your teen about sex and sexuality is a way to empower them.
Paperkites
This advice can help you to engage your teens in open, honest and helpful dialogues about sex and sexuality.
Margaret Busby in 1971 at her desk at Allison and Busby publishers.
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Her book Daughters of Africa brought black women writers into the literary canon.