Carl is a lecturer in Spatial Design at AUT University, Auckland. His research into design and public space circulates around two main themes: unprofessional space-making (informal, ad-hoc, illicit, and amateur spaces); and procedural design techniques (cartography, design computation, abstraction, drawing, and intuition). In previous work he has examined infrastructure as a determinant of public space, made a case study of urban transformations of revolutionary Paris, and researched archaeological sites as scenes of architectural production. Current research attends to design strategies for climate change and sea-level rise, and the construction of unorthodox cartographies.