Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is popular but divisive.
Ritesh Shukla/Getty Images
The Indian prime minister made reference to communities that have “too many children” in a veiled reference to Muslims.
Activists protesting ethnic violence in northeastern Manipur state shout slogans in Mumbai, India, on July 24, 2023. Violence between tribal communities in the state has flared up in recent months.
(AP Photo/Rafiq Maqbool)
The Indian central government has done little thus far to quell the ongoing ethnic violence in the state of Manipur.
Kenyan President-elect William Ruto at a press conference after the Supreme Court decision.
Daniel Irungu/EPA-EFE
The 2022 election proved that the country’s situation and its people have changed since the violence that marred past elections.
A man flees from teargas fired by anti-riot police in Nairobi after Kenya’s 2017 elections.
Tony Karumba/AFP via Getty Images
To predict - and prevent - election-related violence, it’s important to first understand the key drivers of conflict.
A woman shelters in a church in the Central African Republic after deadly 2014 attacks involving Muslim and Christian fighters.
EPA/Tanya Bindra
Bad governance and political manoeuvring increase the risk of communal conflicts
A weak Malian state prompted local ethnic communities to organise armed self-defence groups.
Flickr
The absence of a strong government in Mali
allows jihadists to enter new areas and flourish.
Members of Nigeria’s All Progressives Congress party protest the 2015 elections. More trouble is likely ahead of the 2019 elections.
EPA/Tife Owolabi
Nigeria is far from ready to hold a credible ballot in 2019.
Pastoralists on a dry plain in central Mali, one of the seven Sahel countries hit by a wave of deadly attacks.
EPA/Nic Bothma
A big rise in armed attacks in the Sahel - and the intensity of the attacks in recent years - is now seen as a major source of concern.
Zohra Bensemra/Reuters
Europe is at a crossroads in how it integrates religious minorities. But there are lessons to be learned beyond liberal secularism.