Instead of using the secret routes along the Underground Railroad to find freedom in the North, thousands of enslaved Black people fled to free Black communities in Southern slaveholding states.
A portrait of Harriet Tubman in 1878.
Library of Congress/Getty Images
Harriet Tubman has long been known as a conductor on the Underground Railroad leading enslaved Black people to freedom. Less known is her role as a Union spy during the Civil War.
Researchers are exploring the impacts that racial discrimination is having on Black Americans’ emotional and psychological health.
PeopleImages via Getty Images
The evidence is growing that experiencing both systemic and everyday race-based discrimination may lead some Black Americans to become depressed and think about suicide.
Sojourner Truth, born in 1797, was an escaped slave who became an abolitionist, civil and women’s rights campaigner, and met with Abraham Lincoln.
Massachusetts Office of Travel & Tourism/Flickr
Cameras played a critical role in the quest for social equality for Black Americans in the post-slavery era.
Abolitionist John Brown, left, and President Abraham Lincoln, right, were both moral crusaders.
Hulton Archive/Getty Images & Stock Montage/Getty Images
President Lincoln was a statesman. John Brown was a radical. That’s the traditional view of how each one fought slavery, but it fails to capture the full measure of their devotion.
Ethan Hawke plays John Brown in Showtime’s new miniseries.
Showtime
The abolitionist’s legacy is often molded to fit various political agendas. Yet the Brown who appears in Showtime’s new miniseries is one we haven’t seen before.
Protesters against racist police violence encounter police in Washington, D.C., on May 31.
Mandel Ngan/AFP via Getty Images
When African Americans press ‘record’ to film police brutality, they are challenging a nation not to look away.
Women portraying suffragettes walk with the Pasadena Celebrates 2020 float at the 131st Rose Parade in Pasadena, California, Wednesday, Jan. 1, 2020.
AP Photo/Michael Owen Baker
On the 100th anniversary of the 19th Amendment, women’s historic struggles to vote continue to resonate as the country debates who should vote and how.
Toni Morrison, Zora Neale Hurston and Nella Larsen are on this short list of enduring must-read writers.
Left to right: Nobel Prize, U.S. Library of Congress, Yale archive
Two men were convicted in 1859 of violating the Fugitive Slave Act. They had rescued a runaway slave from slave hunters in Ohio, one of the small acts of resistance that led to the Civil War.
Young people hold hands for a prayer during a gathering at sunset outside the Christian Fellowship Church in Benton, Kentucky.
AP Photo/David Goldman
The lead villain of Black Panther is a complex character who represents years of conflicting debates among African American leaders about how to achieve Black liberation.
A photograph of Frederick Douglass, African American abolitionist, writer and statesman, taken in the 1870s.
Shutterstock/By Everett Historical
It’s 200 years since the legendary African American abolitionist and ex-slave Frederick Douglass crossed the Atlantic and found freedom in northeast England.
The wife and daughters of Mark Twain.
Albert Bigelow Paine
It was aboard a steamship that Mark Twain first laid eyes on a photograph of Olivia Langdon, known as Livy. It was love at first sight. In their marriage of 34 years, they remained deeply devoted.
Gebhard Fugel, ‘An den Wassern Babylons.’
Gebhard Fugel [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Psalm 137 – best known for its opening line, ‘By the Rivers of Babylon’ – is a 2,500-year-old Hebrew psalm that deals with the Jewish exile and is remembered each year on Tisha B’av.
Slave shackles in a display case at the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C..
Kevin Lamarque/Reuters
In the 19th century, slaveholders advertised widely for runaway slaves and often hired men to track and capture fugitives. African-American communities offered sanctuary space to the runaways.
In the 19th century, critics and audiences thought blacks were incapable of singing as well as their white, European counterparts. Greenfield forced them to reconcile their ears with their racism.
Demonstrating in Washington state, November 2015.
David Ryder/Reuters
Many groups have been labeled ‘enemy’ in the American past. A literary scholar looks at the role literature and philosophy have played in dispelling fears and shifting public attitudes.
Assistant Professor of Women’s and Gender Studies and Canada Research Chair in Transnational Feminisms and Gender-Based Violence, University of Manitoba