Sudan has been at war since April 2023 when fighting erupted between the army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces.
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The United Arab Emirates is emerging as the foreign player most invested in Sudan’s conflict.
A makeshift camp for displaced people in eastern Sudan in July 2024.
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Sudan is the site of one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises, with around 25 million people in need of urgent assistance.
Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, the head of the Rapid Support Forces, at a past press conference in Khartoum, Sudan.
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Armed groups looking to infiltrate the state to influence policy first pursue their objectives without openly antagonising the government.
A Sudanese refugee carries her son as they arrive in Jeddah port, Saudi Arabia, in May 2023. Sudan has been torn by civil war for more than a year, resulting in a humanitarian crisis.
(AP Photo/Amr Nabil)
By capping immigration applications from Sudanese people fleeing the civil war at 3,250, and limiting eligibility to Sudanese with family in Canada, the federal government is leaving millions behind.
Supporters of the Sudanese armed popular resistance, which backs the army, raise weapons during a meeting in January 2024.
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Peace in Sudan requires a focus on the concerns of historically marginalised populations in conflict zones.
Sudanese army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan visits a marine base in Port Sudan on 28 August 2023.
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Sudan Armed Forces have made a series of military and political blunders that could hasten the collapse of the state.
The Sudanese military has been at war with the Rapid Support Forces paramilitary group since April 2023.
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An expert on civil conflicts explains why the international community has so far failed to create peace in Sudan, and what new opportunities lie ahead.
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The Sudanese state today betrays its history as a plunder state on the margins of the global order.
People fleeing war-torn Sudan on 13 May 2023.
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A spiralling Sudan will affect peace and security in the Lake Chad Basin region, of which Nigeria is a member.
Sudanese protesters in Khartoum.
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An African-led process would take into account complex regional dynamics – which would lead to a better and more stable peace agreement.
Smoke rises from Sudan’s capital as conflict grips Khartoum.
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Both residents and Sudanese in the diaspora invested in homes to secure the future. Now the conflict is destroying hope.
Smoke billows above residential buildings in Khartoum, Sudan, in April 2023.
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The Sudan army’s superiority is in its air force and arsenal of ground forces while the rival paramilitary force relies on nimble mobile units.
Civilians protest in Sudan’s capital, Khartoum, in December 2022.
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Sudan’s civilian protesters have gained a form of political power that traditional elites have struggled to attain.
The raging conflict in Khartoum could negatively affect trade flows through Port Sudan to the rest of the world.
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Sudan’s current conflict will have economic, social and political ripple effects across a number of countries
Saudi security officers stand guard off the seaport of Port Sudan in April 2023.
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There is a risk that Sudan’s conflict could spill over into neighbouring countries.
The opening of a hydro-electric dam on the Nile River at Merowe, north of Khartoum, in 2009.
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The Sudanese crisis is the culmination of three decades of contentious energy politics among rival elites.
Sudanese in Khartoum protest the 2021 military coup that blocked a transition to civilian rule.
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Omar al-Bashir fell in 2019, but his military successors have preserved much of the authoritarian infrastructure of his regime.
The Rapid Support Forces emerged from the Janjaweed militia known for their violent tactics.
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The Rapid Support Forces were created by former president Omar al Bashir to protect his regime from rebels - but they soon became a threat to both him and the future government.
Sudan’s paramilitary Rapid Support Forces commander, General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo “Hemedti”
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Hemedti ably used his commercial acumen and military prowess to build his militia into a force more powerful than the waning Sudanese state.
Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces evolved from the Janjaweed militia that once terrorised the people of Darfur.
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The Janjaweed militia first came into play when Omar al-Bashir’s government deployed it in Darfur