Members of the Iraqi police forces sit outside a building in the city of Fallujah on June 30, 2016 after they’ve recaptured the city from Islamic State (IS) group jihadists.
Ahmad al-Rubaye/AFP
Was the early conception of IS a branching-out of the old Baath party? Or was it, as some argue, completely separate with no connection at all? Reality is probably a bit of a mix of both.
Lessons in military manliness and how to respect it have been a part of Syrian education for decades.
The remains of the University of Mosul destroyed during a battle with Islamic State militants, in April 2017. South Africa offers lessons in rebuilding.
Reuters/Marko Djurica
Professeure en relations internationales / Schiller International University (SIU) et Institut libre d'étude des relations internationales (ILERI), Institut libre d'étude des relations internationales (ILERI)