Demonstrators rally near the military headquarters in Khartoum, Sudan in April 2019. Protests led by neighbourhood resistance committees and the Sudanese Professionals Association - an umbrella group of unions - forced President Omar al-Bashir from power on April 11, 2019.
AP Photo/Salih Basheer, File
In Sudan, amid a growing humanitarian crisis caused by a year-long and ongoing war, neighbourhood organizations have stepped in as first responders, and to lead the call for peace.
Supporters of the Sudanese armed popular resistance, which backs the army, raise weapons during a meeting in January 2024.
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Peace in Sudan requires a focus on the concerns of historically marginalised populations in conflict zones.
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The Sudanese state today betrays its history as a plunder state on the margins of the global order.
Smoke rises above buildings in Sudan’s capital Khartoum in June 2023.
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The interplay between diversity and urban planning in Sudan has created vibrant cityscapes, but also led to segregation and division.
A 2014 view of Gaoui refugee camp in N'Djamena, Chad. Pressure on refugee camps in Chad has increased due to latest fighting in Sudan.
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The ongoing war in Sudan poses security, humanitarian, political and economic challenges for Chad.
Sudan’s Omar al-Bashir (left) and Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo tour Darfur in 2017.
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The failure to hold the perpetrators of the Darfur genocide accountable has led to further instability in Sudan.
Smoke billows above residential buildings in Khartoum, Sudan, in April 2023.
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The Sudan army’s superiority is in its air force and arsenal of ground forces while the rival paramilitary force relies on nimble mobile units.
Saudi security officers stand guard off the seaport of Port Sudan in April 2023.
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There is a risk that Sudan’s conflict could spill over into neighbouring countries.
A Sudanese military officer watches the evacuation operation at Port Sudan, May 2 2023.
AP Photo/Amr Nabil
Sudan was formed by conquest, and its politics and, increasingly, its wealth have been controlled by the military ever since.
Sudanese in Khartoum protest the 2021 military coup that blocked a transition to civilian rule.
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Omar al-Bashir fell in 2019, but his military successors have preserved much of the authoritarian infrastructure of his regime.
A minaret from which Turks fired upon Christians in 1909 in Adana stands amid the town’s ruins.
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Recent studies on mass violence have turned the spotlight on the resilience of targeted individuals and communities.
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Sudan’s neighbours are urging restraint, favouring more business, less war. Both generals are aware the longer the situation goes on, the more unsustainable it will become.
Sudan’s paramilitary Rapid Support Forces commander, General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo “Hemedti”
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Hemedti ably used his commercial acumen and military prowess to build his militia into a force more powerful than the waning Sudanese state.
People gather around a hole being dug in search of water in Darfur, Sudan, in 2004.
AP Photo/Ben Curtis
Many genocide classes review the Holocaust or Cambodia’s Killing Fields. A scholar wanted to show that genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing still happen today.
Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki (L) and Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed at an event in Ethiopia in 2018.
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The war in Tigray appears to have boosted Eritrea’s efforts at regional pre-eminence. But it could backfire.
Prime Minister of Sudan’s transitional government, Abdalla Hamdok.
Omer Messinger/EPA-EFE
Sudan’s new government came to power after a people-driven process to oust former President Omar al-Bashir. It must be careful to place ordinary Sudanese at the centre of the reforms process.
General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, left, and Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok at an October 2020 ceremony celebrating the peace deal.
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The transitional government has achieved a monumental milestone, but peace agreements in Sudan have been known to fall apart quickly.
A demonstrator stands with a sign reading: “Demands: sack the local authority, disarm militias, protect citizens, cattle, and farmland, and end friction between farmers and shepherds”, during a protest in Central Darfur.
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The root causes of the ongoing conflict in Darfur are rising to the surface amid an influx of arms from Libya.
Peacekeepers patrol the premises of a UN civilian protection site in Juba
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United Nations peacekeeping operations need to be refashioned to meet the needs of an ever evolving world.
A woman flashes the V for victory sign as Sudanese protesters demonstrate in Khartoum on July 25, 2019.
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Remaining nonviolent despite enormous provocation made it difficult for the regime to depict the movement in a negative light