Members of the Ossewabrandwag on parade during WWII. The then political opposition collaborated with the Germans.
OB Photo Collection/Records, Archives and Museum Division, North-West University
Following the war, the South African authorities were anxious to charge known war criminals, traitors and collaborators. But nothing came of it.
A demonstration in Red Square (since renamed Freedom Square) in the Johannesburg suburb of Fordsburg, South Africa, 6th April 1952.
Photo by Jurgen Schadeberg/Getty Images
When the Truth and Reconciliation was mandated to investigate human rights violations from March 1960, that left twelve years of apartheid rule unexplored.
The graves of the victims of the Sharpeville massacre tell a grim story.
Frank Trimbos/Gallo Images/Getty Images
The low levels of familiarity with key historical events indicate that there are serious shortcomings in the development of national collective memory in South Africa.
The rights entrenched in South Africa’s progressive constitution work for some, but not those living in abject poverty.
The book shows that the claim made by some analysts that it was the fall of communism that prompted moves towards negotiations to end apartheid is off the mark.
A younger Dennis Brutus, president of the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee in Montreal, Canada in 1976.
Neil Leifer /Sports Illustrated via Getty Images
That none of his collections were published in apartheid South Africa testifies to the police state’s censorship.
South African lawyer and part-time fashion model, Thando Hopa, at an exhibition of Drum magazine front pages in.
Johannesburg.
Gianluigi Gueracia/AFP via Getty Images
The Freedom Charter process was an imperfect but impressive attempt at capturing the will of the people and articulating an alternative vision to apartheid South Africa.
The 1820 Settler Monument in Makhanda, Eastern Cape, commemmorates the arrival of 5,000 British colonial settlers.
Hoberman Collection/Universal Images Group/Getty Images
It is not hard to see the roots of 20th century apartheid policies in the legacy of the British settlers.
Rivonia trialist Denis Goldberg speaking at a gala event in 2011 to honour the surviving members of the Rivonia Trial.
Photo by Foto24/Gallo Images/Getty Images
Goldberg was the youngest Rivonia triallist. Segregated prisons meant he was sent to Pretoria, while his fellow accused were incarcerated on Robben Island.
FW de Klerk, the last president of apartheid South Africa.
Getty Images
In his new capacity as President of South Africa, FW de Klerk directly experienced for the first time how the international community had abandoned its support for minority white rule.
The springbok emblem was introduced under white rule in South Africa and by retaining it, it remains a burden for many South Africans who followed the Rugby World Cup.
Mmusi Maimane’s resignation highlights one of the core problems of democratic South Africa - the assumption that the only way to do anything is the way white men did it in the past.
Steve Biko is widely considered to be the father of Black Consciousness in South Africa.
EFE-EPA/Sowetan
The IFP’s constitution provides that the nomination of national office bearers be approved by the branches. But this was not done in the nomination of its new president.
Research Director: Developmental, Capable and Ethical State (DCES) research division, and Coordinator of the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS), Human Sciences Research Council