PISA tests only three subjects that aren't representative of an entire education system. Meanwhile, the test conditions are different across countries and comparisons are fraught.
Estonia spends less per student than Australia, but its average wages are lower too.
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Sue Thomson, Australian Council for Educational Research and Kylie Hillman, Australian Council for Educational Research
Every three years, the OECD releases its Programme for International Student Assessment results. Last time, Australia's education system was doing much worse than some other countries. Has it changed?