Ukraine’s history with the former Soviet Union and its current relationship with the European Union inform how refugees move across borders. While race plays a role, citizenship is also an important factor.
The targeting of elite interests has been at the centre of recent sanctions policies, including sanctions on Russia. We look at the effectiveness of targeting in Iran in the 2010s.
Over-reliance on sanctions and economic warfare measures have led to strategic complacency and the avoidance of negotiations on the part of the western governments.
In the short term, the war is causing energy prices to soar and prompting fears of famine in some countries. In the long term, it could remake the modern global supply chain.
Price shocks are a feature of the global oil market, not a bug – and even when governments take many steps to grow supply or reduce demand, it can be years before prices ease.
The relationship between South Africa and the West, especially the US, has a complex history. Not least because the US designated those fighting the apartheid regime, as terrorists.
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and Vladimir Putin’s nuclear threats have the world on edge, but so far, long-standing arms control measures have helped keep the situation from getting out of control.