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Protecting the herd means a certain proportion of the population has to be immunised. Flickr/Princessrica

Explainer: what is herd immunity?

When a high proportion of a community is immune it becomes hard for diseases to spread from person to person – a phenomenon known as herd immunity.
Scott Morrison and Mathias Cormann unveil the Mid Year Economic and Fiscal Outlook for 2015-2016.

MYEFO 2015 at a glance

The government has revised down its forecast for economic growth to 2.5% and an expected deficit of $37.4 billion.
Urban plans that consider health and well-being must be part of integrative planning policies. Jason Wesley Upton/flickr

A healthy approach: how to turn what we know about liveable cities into public policy

Urban planning aims to create cities that support healthy and productive communities, and the success in putting health on the NSW planning agenda offers lessons in achieving better integrated policy.
While low emissions technology might help coal, there are plenty of other energy sources competing in the post-Paris climate race. Coal image from www.shutterstock.com

After Paris, the future of Australian coal is downhill

Despite its vital role in the development of Australia’s economy, the future of coal looks grim in a world aiming to limit warming to below 2°C.
With the Greens securing their Senate inquiry into the gendered marketing of toys, it’s time for a cultural change to prevent gendered violence before it happens. Vernon Area Public Library/flickr

‘Toy wars’ a year on: we’re finally recognising the role of culture and attitudes in domestic violence

A Senate inquiry into the links between gendered marketing and domestic violence has been secured, but this is only the beginning of necessary cultural and social changes.
The efficacy of our political conventions relies on a healthy respect in society for their role in regulating our governments. AAP

We all have a role in protecting democracy’s unwritten rules

Laws play their role in regulating our governments, but so does our own respect for political conventions. And the way these are upheld goes to the heart of our freedom as democratic people.
The NGV’s summer blockbuster packs a double whammy. © Ai Weiwei; Andy Warhol artwork © 2015 The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc./ARS, New York. Licensed by Viscopy, Sydney.

Andy Warhol – Ai Weiwei: the American and Chinese centuries meet in Melbourne

The NGV’s summer exhibition is curated to create a dialogue between Ai Weiwei and Andy Warhol, and this conversation operates on multiple levels on a variety of themes, and across time and space.
He’s tweeted, Instagrammed and Facebooked, but will he get what he wants? Shutterstock

You could be suffering from FoMO this Christmas

Social media can amplify the fear of missing out, or FoMO, but it can also be a platform for emotional support during the festive season.
The Paris agreement introduces a new mechanism for international co-operation. AAP/Samuel Boivin

How will carbon markets help the Paris climate agreement?

Despite there being no reference to the words “market mechanism” or “carbon market” in the agreement, the agreement clearly establishes a new international carbon market mechanism.
Most Australians are unlikely to be able to describe the doctrine of the separation of powers, but they’re quick to assert their liberties under the rubric of a ‘fair go’. AAP/Richard Milnes

Gillian Triggs: How the ‘fair go’ became the last bulwark for Australia’s freedoms

The government’s uncontested assessment of national interest and security often trumps the rule of domestic and international law, as well as Australia’s obligations under human rights treaties.
If trace elements of drugs aren’t affecting your performance at work, are they anybody else’s business? from www.shutterstock.com.au

Drug and alcohol testing at work doesn’t deter anyone, so why do it?

All Australian government-funded construction sites now require contractors to have a comprehensive fitness for work policy that includes mandatory drug and alcohol testing.
Art demonstrated it still has the power to inspire, and maybe even change the world. A man carries a self-portrait painted by Australian death row prisoner Myuran Sukumaran. Beawiharta

What 2015 looked like in visual art

There are as many ways to summarise a “year in art” as there are eyes to look at art with. Art had some shining – and not-so-shining – moments in 2015.